BIM-based application of level(s) for circular economy: Recyclability case study

The Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operation (AECO) industry significantly contributes to global material consumption and waste generation. Transitioning towards Circular Economy (CE) to reduce, recycle, and reuse building materials is a necessity. However, this procedure is also facing the challenge of data fragmentation due to complexity of the building process which necessitates a standardized and common procedure. Level(s) is acting as framework to develop as a common language in Europe. This study focuses on addressing data fragmentation challenge in CE, by integrating digital technologies with Level(s) to facilitate the creation of Bills of Quantities (BoQ) and Bills of Materials (BoM). Applying Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) on an Italian residential building, a methodology is proposed for Construction and Demolition Waste (C&DW) management and building recyclability calculation. The results offer practical and scalable solutions for improving waste management, reducing environmental impacts, and improving Level(s) application in construction.